Wesley Dáttilo's Lab - Ecology and evolution of species interactions

Publications

For copyright reasons, I cannot post a PDF of any paper(s). So, to receive a copy please CLICK HERE

	2019
	85) Dáttilo, W. and Vasconcelos, H.L. (2019). Macroecological patterns and correlates of ant-tree interaction networks in Neotropical savannas. Global Ecology and Biogeography. (in press).
	84) Dáttilo, W.; Vizentin-Bugoni, J.; Debastiani, V.; Jordano, P.; Izzo, T.J. (2019). The influence of spatial sampling scales on ant-plant interaction network architecture. Journal of Animal Ecology (in press).
	83) Santos, P.M. et al. (many authors including Dáttilo, W.) (2019). Neotropical Xanarthrans: a dataset of ocurruence of xenarthran species in the neotropics. Ecology (in press).
	82) Corro, E.J.; Ahuatzin, D.A.; Aguirre, A.; Favila, M.E..; Ribeiro, M.C.; Acosta, J.C.L.; Dáttilo, W. (2019). Forest cover and landscape heterogeneity shape ant-plant co-occurrence networks in human-dominated tropical rainforests. Landscape Ecology 34: 93-104.
	81) Ferndandes, T.; Dáttilo, W.; Silva, R.R.; Luna, P.; Oliveira, C.; Morini, M.S.C. (2019). Ant occupation of twigs in the leaf litter of the Atlantic Forest: influence of the environment and external twig structure. Tropical Conservation Science (in press).
	80) Anjos, D.V.; Luna, P.; Borges, C.; Dáttilo, W. Del-Claro, K. (2019). Structural changes over time in individual-based networks involving a harvester ant,seeds and invertebrates. Ecological Entomology (in press).
	79) Antoniazzi, R.; Garro, R.N.S.L.; Dáttilo, W.; Ribeiro, S.P.; Neves, F.S. (2019) Ant species richness and interactions in canopies of two distinct successional stages in a tropical dry forest. The Science of Nature 106: 20 (1-14).
	78) Ahuatzin, D.A.; Corro, E.J.; Aguirre, A.; Valenzuela-González, J.; Feitosa, R.M.; Ribeiro, M.C.; Acosta, J.C.; Coates, R.; Dáttilo, W. (2019). Forest cover drives leaf litter ant diversity in primary rainforest remnants within human-modified tropical landscapes. Biodiversity and Conservation 28: 1091-1107.
	77) Miranda, P.N.; Ribeiro, J.E.L.S.; Luna, P.; Brasil, I.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Dáttilo, W. (2019). The dilemma of binary or weighted data in interaction networks. Ecological Complexity 38: 1-10.
	76) Lourenço, G.M.; Soares, G.R.; Santos, T.P.; Dáttilo, W.; Freitas, A.V.L.; Ribeiro, S.P. (2019). Equal but different: natural ecotones are dissimilar to anthropic edges. PLoS One 14(3): e0213008.

	2018
	75) Salomão, R.P.; González-Tokman, D.; Dáttilo, W.; Acosta, J.C.L.; Favila, M.E. (2018). Landscape structure and composition define the body condition of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in a fragmented tropical rainforest. Ecological Indicators 88: 144-151.
	74) Izzo, T.J.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Dáttilo, W. (2018). Postponing the production of ant domatia as a strategy promoting an escape from flooding in an Amazonian myrmecophyte. Annals of Botany 122: 985-911.
	73) Koch, E.; Dáttilo, W.; Camarota, F.; Vasconcelos, H.L. (2018). From species to individuals: does the variation in ant-plant networks scale result in structural and functional changes?. Population Ecology 60: 309-3018.
	72) Anjos, D.V.; Dáttilo, W.; Del-Claro, K. (2018). Unmasking the architecture of ant–diaspore networks in the Brazilian Savanna. PLoS One 13: e0201117.
	71) Fagundes, R.; Lange, D.; Anjos, D.V.; Lima, F.P.; Nahas, L.; Corro, E.; Silva, P.B.G.; Del-Claro, K.; Ribeiro, S.P.; Dáttilo, W. (2018). Limited effects of fire disturbances on the species diversity and structure of ant-plant interaction networks in Brazilian Cerrado. Acta Oecologica 93: 65-73.
	70) Aguirre, A.; Dáttilo, W.; Rodríguez-Morales, D.; Canchola-Orozco, S.; Cocoletzi, E.; Coates, R.; Ángeles, G. (2018). Foraging ants on the extrafloral nectaries repel nectar thieves but not the effective pollinator of Vigna luteola (Fabaceae) in a Mexican coastal sand dune. Sociobiology 65: 621-629.
	69) Ramos-Robles, M.; Dáttilo, W.; Andresen, E.; Díaz-Castelazo, C. (2018). Fruit traits and temporal abundance shape plant-frugivore interaction networks in a seasonal tropical forest. The Science of Nature 105: 29 (1-11).
	68) Luna, P.; García-Chavez, J.; Dáttilo, W. (2018). Complex foraging ecology of the red harvester ant and its effect on the soil seed bank. Acta Oecologica 86: 57-65.
	67) Luna, P.; Peñaloza-Arellane, Y.; Castillo-Meza, A.L.; García-Chávez, J.H.; Dáttilo, W. (2018). Beta diversity of ant-plant interactions over day-night periods and plant physiognomies in a semiarid environment. Journal of Arid Environments 156: 69-76.
	66) Luna, P. and Dáttilo, W. (2018). A new protocol using artificial seeds to evaluate dietary preferences of harvester ants in semi-arid environments. Sociobiology 65: 149-154.
	65) Luna, P.; Anjos, D.V.; García-Chávez, J.H.; Dáttilo, W. (2018). Exploring the vegetation: Seed harvester ants climb and remove seeds from a giant cactus in a semiarid environment. Journal of Arid Environments 156:106-109.
	64) Flores-Flores, R.V.; Aguirre, A.; Anjos, D.V.; Neves, F.S.; Campos, R.I.; Dáttilo, W. (2018). Food source quality and ant dominance hierarchy influence the outcomes of ant-plant interactions in an arid environment. Acta Oecologica 87: 13-19.
	63) Dáttilo, W. and Rico-Gray, V. (Eds.) (2018). Book: Ecological Networks in the Tropics: An Integrative Overview of Species Interactions from Some of the Most Species-Rich Habitats on Earth. ISBN: 978-3-319-68227-3. Springer. 201p.
	62) Del-Claro, K.; Lange, D.; Torezan-Silingardi, H.M.; Anjos, D.V.; Calixto, E.S.; Dáttilo, W. and Rico-Gray, V. (2018). The complex relationships between ants and plants into tropical ecological networks. In: Dáttilo, W. and Rico-Gray, V. (Eds.) Book: Ecological Networks in the Tropics: An Integrative Overview of Species Interactions from Some of the Most Species-Rich Habitats on Earth. Springer Publisher. pp. 59-71.
	61) Antoniazzi-Jr, R.; Dáttilo, W. and Rico-Gray, V. (2018). A useful guide of main indices and software used for ecological networks studies. In: Dáttilo, W. and Rico-Gray, V. (Eds.) Book: Ecological Networks in the Tropics: An Integrative Overview of Species Interactions from Some of the Most Species-Rich Habitats on Earth. Springer Publisher. pp. 185-196.

	2017
	60) Roslin, T.; Hardwick, B.; Novotny, V.; Petry, W.K.; Andrew, N.R.; Asmus, A.; Barrio, I.C.; Basset, Y.; Boesing, A.L.; Bonebrake T.C.; Cameron, E.K. Dáttilo, W.; et al. (2017). Higher predation risk for insect prey at low latitudes and elevations. Science 356: 742–744. Press
	59) Falcão, J.C.F.; Dáttilo, W.; Díaz-Castelazo, C.; Rico-Gray, V. (2017). Assessing the impacts of tramp and invasive species on the structure and dynamics of ant-plant interaction networks. Biological Conservation 209: 517-523.
	58) Guerra, T.J.; Dayrell, R.L.C.; Arruda, A.J.; Dáttilo, W.; Teixido, A.L.; Messeder, J.V.S.; Silveira, F.A.O. (2017). Intraspecific variation in fruit-frugivore interactions: effects of fruiting neighbourhood and consequences for seed dispersal. Oecologia 185: 233–243.
	57) Pinho, B.X.; Dáttilo, W.; Leal, I.R. (2017). Structural breakdown of specialized plant-herbivore interaction networks in tropical forest edges. Global Ecology and Conservartion 12: 1-8.
	56) Gadelha, Y.; Lange, D.; Dáttilo, W.; Cortês-Lopes, B. (2017). Phenological phases of the host plant shape plant-treehopper interaction networks. Ecological Entomology 42: 827-837.
	55) Fagundes, R.; Dáttilo, W.; Ribeiro, S.P.; Rico-Gray, V.; Jordano, P.; Del-Claro, K. (2017). Differences between ant species in plant protection are influenced by the production of extrafloral nectar and related to the degree of leaf herbivory. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 122: 71-83.
	54) Luna, P.; Corro-Mendéz, E.; Ahuatzin-Flores, D.A.; Antoniazzi-J, R.L.; Barrozo-Chávez, N.; Chávez-González. E.; Morales-Trejo, J.; Dáttilo, W. (2017). The risk of use small matrices to measure specialization in host-parasite interaction networks: a comment to Rivera-García et al. (2016). Parasitology 144: 1102-1106
	53) Dáttilo, W.; Aguirre A.; Flores-Flores R.V.; Ahuatzin-Flores D.A.; Corro-Mendez E. (2017). Plantas, hormigas y herbívoros interactúan en un ambiente semiárido en el centro de México, ¿cómo lo hacen?. Biodiversitas 132: 12-16.
	52) Dáttilo, W.; Falcão, J.C.F.; Rico-Gray, V. (2017). Efecto de la dominancia jerárquica de las hormigas y del esfuerzo de muestreo sobre la estructura de las redes de interacciones hormiga-planta. pp. 77-86. In: Orduña, F.G.; Hernández, M.J.R.; Landa, J.F.R.; Castilla, P.C. (Eds.) Book: Naturaleza, Cerebro y Conducta. Editorial de la Universidad Veracruzana.
	51) Dáttilo, W. ; Ahuatzin-Flores, D.A.; Corro-Mendez, E.J.; Escobar, F.; MacGregor-Fors, I. (2017). Redes complexas no estudo das interações ecológicas entre formigas e plantas em ambientes urbanos: um novo modelo conceitual. pp. 265-284. In: Bueno, O.C.; Campos, A.E.C.; Morini, M.S.C. (Eds.) Book: Formigas em Ambientes Urbanos do Brasil. Canal 6 Editora.

	2016
	50) Dáttilo, W.; Lara-Rodríguez, N.; Jordano, P.; Guimarães-Jr, P.; Thompson, J.N.; Marquis, R.J.; Medeiros, L.P.; Ortiz-Pulido, R.; Marcos-García, M.A.; Rico-Gray, V. (2016). Unraveling Darwin's entangled bank: architecture and robustness of mutualistic networks with multiple interaction types. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 283: id20161564.
	49) Dáttilo, W.; Aguirre, A.; De La Torre, L.P.; Kaminski, L.A.; García-Chavez, J.; Rico-Gray, V. (2016). Trait-mediated indirect interactions of ant shape on the attack of caterpillars and fruits. Biology Letters 12: id20160401.
	48) Falcão, J.C.F.; Dáttilo, W.; Rico-Gray, V. (2016). Sampling effort differences can lead to biased conclusions on the architecture of ant-plant interaction networks. Ecological Complexity 25: 44-52.
	47) Benítez-Malvido, J.; Dáttilo, W.; Martínez-Falcón, A.P; Duran-Barron, C.; Valenzuela, J.; Lopez, S.; Lombera, R. (2016). The multiple impacts of tropical forest fragmentation on arthropod biodiversity and on their patterns of interactions with host plants. PLoS One 11(1): e0146461.
	46) DaRocha, W.; Neves, F.S.; Dáttilo, W.; Delabie, J.H.C. (2016). Epiphytic bromeliads as key components for maintenance of ant diversity and ant-bromeliad interactions in agroforestry system canopies. Forest Ecology and Management 372: 128-136.
	45) Benítez-Malvido, J.; Martínez-Falcón, A.P; Dáttilo, W.; Gonzalez-DiPierro A.M.; Estrada, R.L.; Traveset, A. (2016). The role of sex and age in the architecture of intrapopulation howler monkey-plant networks in continuous and fragmented rain forests. PeerJ 4: e1809.
	44) Gadelha, Y.E.A.; Dáttilo, W.; Evangelista, O.; Cortês-Lopes, B. (2016). Structure of mutualistic ant-treehopper interactions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 32: 250-259.
	43) Fagundes, R.; Dáttilo, W.; Ribeiro, S.P.; Rico-Gray, V.; Del-Claro, K. (2016). Food sources availability and interspecific dominance as structural mechanisms of ant-plant-hemipteran multitrophic networks. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 10: 207-220.
	42) Del-Claro, K.; Rico-Gray, V.; Torezan-Silingardi, H.M.; Alves-Silva, E.; Fagundes, R.; Lange, D.; Dáttilo, W.; Vilela, A.A.; Aguirre, A.; Rodríquez-Morales, D. (2016). Loss and gains in ant-plant interactions mediated by extrafloral nectar: fidelity, cheats, and lies. Insectes Sociaux 63: 207-221.

2015
	41) Benítez-Malvido, J. and Dáttilo, W. (2015). Interaction intimacy of pathogens and herbivores with their plant hosts influences the topological structure of ecological networks in different ways. American Journal of Botany 102(4): 1–8. Highlighted paper
	40) Falcão, J.C.F.; Dáttilo, W.; Izzo, T.J. (2015). Efficiency of different planted forests in recovering biodiversity and ecological interactions in Brazilian Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management 339: 105-111. ScienceDirect: Top 25 Hottest Articles and Press
	39) Dáttilo, W.; Aguirre, A.; Flores-Flores, R.; Fagundes, R.; Lange, D.; García-Chavez, J.; Del-Claro, K.; Rico-Gray, V. (2015). Secretory activity of extrafloral nectaries shaping multitrophic ant-plant-herbivore interactions in an arid environment. Journal of Arid Environments 114: 104-109.
	38) Dáttilo, W.; Aguirre, A.; Quesada, M.; Dirzo, R. (2015). Tropical forest fragmentation affects floral visitors but not the structure of individual-based palm-pollinator networks. PLoS One 10(3): e0121275.
	37) Moreira, D.D.O.; Dáttilo, W.; Morais, V.; Erthal Jr., M.; Silva, C.P.; Samuels, R.I. (2015). Diet type modifies ingestion rates and trophallactic exchanges in leaf cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 154: 45-52.
	36) Ramírez-Flores, V.; Villanueva-Gutiérrez, R.; Roubik, D.W.; Vergara, C.H.; Lara-Rodríguez, N.; Dáttilo, W.; Bonet-Ferrer, M.E.; Rico-Gray, V. (2015). Topological structure of plant-bee networks in four different Mexican environments. Sociobiology 62(1): 56-64.
	35) Dáttilo, W. (2015). Mutualistic Networks by Jordi Bascompte and Pedro Jordano. Journal of Complex Networks 3(1): 158-158.

2014
	34) Dáttilo, W.; Marquitti, F.M.D.; Guimarães, P.R.; Izzo, T.J. (2014). The structure of ant-plant ecological networks: is abundance enough?. Ecology 95: 475-485.
	33) Dáttilo, W.; Díaz-Castelazo, C.; Rico-Gray, V. (2014). Ant dominance hierarchy determines the nested pattern in ant-plant networks. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113: 405-414.
	32) Dáttilo, W.; Fagundes, R.; Gurka, C.A.Q.; Silva, M.S.A.; Vieira, M.C.L.; Izzo, T.J.; Díaz-Castelazo, C.; Del-Claro, K.; Rico-Gray, V. (2014). Individual-based ant-plant networks: diurnal-nocturnal structure and species-area relationship. PLoS One 9(6): e99838.
	31) Dáttilo, W. and Dyer, L. (2014). Canopy openness enhances diversity of ant–plant interactions in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Biotropica 46: 712-719. Photos from the field
	30) Benítez-Malvido, J.; Martínez-Falcón, A.P; Dáttilo, W.; del-Val, E. (2014). Diversity and network structure of invertebrate communities associated to Heliconia species in natural and human disturbed tropical rain forests. Global Ecology and Conservation 2: 107-117.
	29) Santos, G.M.M.; Dáttilo, W.; Presley, S.J. (2014). The seasonal dynamic of ant-flower networks in a semi-arid tropical environment. Ecological Entomology 39: 674–683.
	28) Dáttilo, W.; Serio-Silva, J.C.; Chapman, C.; Rico-Gray, V. (2014). Highly nested diets in intrapopulation tropical monkey-resource food webs. American Journal of Primatology 76: 670–678.
	27) Dáttilo, W.; Sánchez-Gálvan, I.; Lange, D.; Del-Claro, K.; Rico-Gray, V. (2014). Importance of interaction frequency in analysis of ant-plant networks in tropical environments. Journal of Tropical Ecology 30: 165-168.
	26) Vicente, R.E.; Dáttilo, W.; Izzo, T.J. (2014). Differential recruitment of Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius, 1804) ants in response to ant-gardens herbivory. Neotropical Entomology 43: 519–525.
	25) Nunes, R.V.; Carvalho, M.S.G.; Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z.; Dáttilo, W.; Izzo, T.J. (2014). Taxonomic composition of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) inhabiting fluvial islands in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 50: 407-413.
	24) Martins, P.M.S.; Viana, N.F.; Almeida, F.S.; Dáttilo, W.; Santanna, A.S.; Martins, L.; Vargas, A.B. (2014). Seasonality of epigaeic ant communities in a Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Sociobiology 61: 178-183.
	23) Campos, V.A.; Dáttilo, W.; Oda, F.H.; Piroseli, L.E.; Dartora, A. (2014). Detection and use of foraging trails of the leaf-cutting ant Atta laevigata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by Amphisbaena alba (Reptilia: Squamata). Acta Zoológica Mexicana 30: 403-407.
	22) Falcão, J.C.F.; Dáttilo, W.; Izzo, T.J. (2014). Temporal variation in extrafloral nectar secretion in different ontogenetic stages of the fruits of Alibertia verrucosa S. Moore (Rubiaceae) in a Neotropical savanna. Journal of Plant-Interactions 9: 137-142.

2013
	21) Dáttilo, W.; Guimarães, P.R.; Izzo, T.J. (2013). Spatial structure of ant-plant mutualistic networks. Oikos 122: 1643-1648. Oikos Blog
	20) Dáttilo, W.; Izzo, T.J.; Vasconcelos, H.L.; Rico-Gray, V. (2013) Strength of the modular pattern in Amazonian symbiotic ant-plant networks. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 7: 455-461.
	19) Dáttilo, W.; Rico-Gray, V.; Rodrigues, D.J.; Izzo, T.J. (2013). Soil and vegetation features determine the nested pattern of ant-plant networks in a tropical rainforest. Ecological Entomology 38: 374-380.
	18) Clemente, M.A.; Lange, D.; Dáttilo, W.; Del-Claro, K.; Prezoto, F. (2013). Social wasp-flower visiting guild in less structurally complex habitats are more susceptible to local extinction. Sociobiology 60: 337-344.
	17) Lange, D.; Dáttilo, W.; Del-Claro, K. (2013). Influence of extrafloral nectary phenology on ant-plant mutualistic networks in a Neotropical Savanna. Ecological Entomology 38: 463-469.
	16) Hernández-Yáñez, H.; Lara-Rodríguez, N.; Díaz-Castelazo, C.; Dáttilo, W.; Rico-Gray, V. (2013). Understanding the structure of a plant-floral visitor network in coastal Veracruz, Mexico. Sociobiology 60: 329-336.
	15) Dáttilo, W.; Falcão, J.C.F.; Yanoviak, S.P.; Poinar-Jr, G.; Izzo, T.J. (2013). The geographic distribution of parasite induced fruit mimicry in Cephalotes atratus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). The Journal of Parasitology 99: 155-157.

2012
	14) Dáttilo, W. (2012). Different tolerances of symbiotic and nonsymbiotic ant-plant networks to species extinctions. Network Biology 2(4): 127-138.
	13) Dáttilo, W.; Falcão, J.C.F.; Teixeira, M.C. (2012). Predictive model of distribution of Atta robusta Borgmeier 1939 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): subsidies for conservation of a Brazilian leaf-cutting ant endangered species. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 47: 193-201.
	12) Dáttilo, W.; Martins, R.L. Uhde, V.; Noronha, J.C.; Florêncio, F.P.; Izzo, T.J. (2012). Floral resource partitioning by ants and bees in a jambolan Syzygium jambolanum (Myrtaceae) agroforestry system in Brazilian Meridional Amazon. Agroforestry Systems 85: 105-111.
	11) Dáttilo, W. and Izzo, T.J. (2012). Temperature influence on species co-occurrence patterns in treefall gap and dense forest ant communities in a terra-firme forest of Central Amazon, Brazil. Sociobiology 59: 351:367.
	10) Vicente, R.E.; Dáttilo, W.; Izzo, T.J. (2012). New record of a very specialized interaction: Myrcidris epicharis Ward 1990 (Pseudomyrmecinae) and its myrmecophyte host Myrcia madida McVaugh (Myrtaceae) in Brazilian Meridional Amazon. Acta Amazonica 42: 567-570.
	9) Dáttilo, W.; Vicente, R.E.; Nunes, R.V.; Feitosa, R.M. (2012). Influence of cave size and presence of bat guano on ant visitation. Sociobiology 59: 549-559.

2006-2011
	8) Pignati, M.T.; Dáttilo, W.; Pezzuti, J.C.B. (2011). Podocnemis unifilis (yellow-headed sideneck): nest predation by ants. Herpetological Review 42: 422-423.
	7) Nunes, R.V.; Dáttilo, W.; Carvalho, M.S.G.; Chagas, P.B.C.; Louzada-Silva, D. (2011). Primeiro registro de ninho de jacaré com bivaque de formiga de correição no Cerrado brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 13: 213-219.
	6) Dáttilo, W.; Sibinel, N.; Falcão, J.C.F.; Nunes, R.V. (2011). Mirmecofauna em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica urbana no município de Marília, Brasil. Bioscience Journal 27: 494-504.
	5) Dáttilo, W.; Vicente, R. E.; Nunes, R.V.; Carvalho, M.S.G. (2010). Primeiro registro da quenquém cisco-da-Amazônia Acromyrmex hystrix Latreille, 1802 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. EntomoBrasilis 3: 92-93.
	4) Dáttilo, W.; Izzo, T.J.; Inouye, B.D.; Vasconcelos, H.L.; Bruna, E.M. (2009). Recognition of host plant volatiles by Pheidole minutula Mayr (Myrmicinae), an Amazonian ant-plant specialist. Biotropica 41: 642-646.
	3) Dáttilo, W.; Marques, E.C.; Falcão, J.C.F.; Moreira, D.D.O. (2009). Interações mutualísticas entre formigas e plantas. EntomoBrasilis 2: 32-36.
	2) DePaula, A.R.; Vieira, L.P.; Dáttilo, W.; Carneiro, C.N.B.; Erthal Jr., M.; Brito, E. S.; Silva, C.P.; Samuels, R.I. (2006). Patogenicidade e efeito comportamental de Photorhabdus temperata K122 nas formigas cortadeiras Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus e Atta laevigata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). O Biológico 68: 118-122.
	1) Dáttilo, W.; Erthal Jr., M.; Moreira, D.D.O.; Silva, C.P.; Samuels, R.I. (2006). Sobrevivência de operárias da formiga cortadeira Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) quando supridas com diferentes dietas e inibidores enzimáticos. O Biológico 68: 113-117.

ECOlogical and coevolutionary dynamics of SPECIES interactions